Monday, January 20, 2020
Communicating Information in Radioheads Music Albums :: Internet Net World Wide Web Media
Radiohead It is an important feature of the ideological system to impose on people the feeling that they really are incompetent to deal with complex and important issues: they'd better leave it to the captain. One device is to develop a star system, an array of figures who are often media creations or creations of the academic propaganda establishment, whose deep insights we are supposed to admire and to whom we must happily and confidently assign the right to control our lives and to control international affairs..." --Noam Chomsky, The Chomsky Reader Pasted on the inside of a Radiohead EP, Chomsky's quote serves as a reminder to the point these musicians are attempting to make: the essence of meaning is largely lost when reality is based on modern modes of information. In other words, the information one takes in is delivered in such an impersonal way, via multi-media, that the self is scattered in the saturation of these various mediums in an attempt to order information, or life. The word impersonal is used in the sense that the delivery has little to do with the meaning. Radiohead's latest release, "OK Computer," is about just that. "Everything spinning out of control," says front man Thom Yorke of Radiohead's latest album. Control is lost in the oversaturation of information, in which the complexity of information is so widespread that in a post-modern society meaning no longer adds up to a total, but instead schizophrenic patches with only relation to itself and not to anything else. It is in this where the fear of depthless ness in our society as a whole is felt. Take the advertising used by MTV for example. It is merely a barrage of extremely quick cuts, in which one can barely make out what each image is. First it may be an eyeball, then a car, them some white space, then a mathematical graph, then a plant, etc. After this the network's name is seen with the airdate of its newest show. Nothing had any relation to the next, or to the network or show, save only the fact that they were pasted next to one another. Post-modern critiquers such as Frederic Jameson would argue that this is a staple of post-modern depthlessness and schizophrenia found in today's society. The fact is, this advertising by MTV is seen as exciting and cutting edge due to the realization that today's society is so numbed down by media that the meaning isn't needed in such an advertisement because the medium sends the message of being "cool. Communicating Information in Radiohead's Music Albums :: Internet Net World Wide Web Media Radiohead It is an important feature of the ideological system to impose on people the feeling that they really are incompetent to deal with complex and important issues: they'd better leave it to the captain. One device is to develop a star system, an array of figures who are often media creations or creations of the academic propaganda establishment, whose deep insights we are supposed to admire and to whom we must happily and confidently assign the right to control our lives and to control international affairs..." --Noam Chomsky, The Chomsky Reader Pasted on the inside of a Radiohead EP, Chomsky's quote serves as a reminder to the point these musicians are attempting to make: the essence of meaning is largely lost when reality is based on modern modes of information. In other words, the information one takes in is delivered in such an impersonal way, via multi-media, that the self is scattered in the saturation of these various mediums in an attempt to order information, or life. The word impersonal is used in the sense that the delivery has little to do with the meaning. Radiohead's latest release, "OK Computer," is about just that. "Everything spinning out of control," says front man Thom Yorke of Radiohead's latest album. Control is lost in the oversaturation of information, in which the complexity of information is so widespread that in a post-modern society meaning no longer adds up to a total, but instead schizophrenic patches with only relation to itself and not to anything else. It is in this where the fear of depthless ness in our society as a whole is felt. Take the advertising used by MTV for example. It is merely a barrage of extremely quick cuts, in which one can barely make out what each image is. First it may be an eyeball, then a car, them some white space, then a mathematical graph, then a plant, etc. After this the network's name is seen with the airdate of its newest show. Nothing had any relation to the next, or to the network or show, save only the fact that they were pasted next to one another. Post-modern critiquers such as Frederic Jameson would argue that this is a staple of post-modern depthlessness and schizophrenia found in today's society. The fact is, this advertising by MTV is seen as exciting and cutting edge due to the realization that today's society is so numbed down by media that the meaning isn't needed in such an advertisement because the medium sends the message of being "cool.
Saturday, January 11, 2020
Hrs Contribution To Broad Organisational Objectives Commerce Essay
In Today ââ¬Ës fast paced planetary concern economic system, Organisations today have major duties to map, facilitate, array and promote corporate societal duty ( CSR ) . Administrations like this demand rethinking in their concern ends, aims and motivations, concentrating chiefly on merely doing net income to the corporate citizenship. Human rights, labor patterns, health care to environment, all these have bit by bit been impacted by the CSR which has easy began to be seen in the communities worldwide. State and worldwide, HR plays a really critical function such as taking and educating their houses with respects to the importance of CSR while at the same time strategically implementing HR direction patterns which so supports the Company on the whole and the CSR ends. The purpose of the study is to foreground and emphasize on the impact of the HR direction within The Humphrey Group. The CSR has developed such corporate policies which cover a scope of issues, including the CSR, but despite this no 1 makes certain they are adhered to, appraisal of staff consciousness and measuring their impact. This maybe the board ââ¬Ës present mission, aims and moralss do non reflect the values of staff ââ¬Ës chance of clients. This is HR ââ¬Ës best placed to use staff in such issues. These values have an consequence in the staffing issues such as enlisting, preparation assessments and other procedures such procurance. HR plays a critical function in guaranting that all this happens. Developing the procedure where concern aims are assessed and values are realigned to fit staff ââ¬Ës outlooks. One of the ways that HR section can assist lend to The Humphrey Group ââ¬Ës broader aim of CSR is that they can measure all the staffs ââ¬Ë public presentation and carefully see how much bonus an employee should acquire depending on the public presentation. Besides this has to be known to the full employee working within the administration, so that they know how much they will acquire depending on their patterned advance. This will be just to all the members of staff within the administration and will diminish any unfairness and fillip dirts. In the undermentioned article ââ¬Å" Yes directors should be paid like administrative officials Frey Bruno.S, Osterloh, Margit states that corporate dirts, reflected in inordinate direction compensation and deceitful histories, cause great harm. Agency theory ââ¬Ës insisting to associate the compensation of directors and managers every bit closely as possible to steadfast public presentation is a major ground for these dirts. They can non be overcome by bettering variable wage for public presentation as selfish extrinsic motive is reinforced. Based on the common pool attack to the house, establishments are proposed, functioning to raise per se motivated corporate virtuousness. More importance is to be attributed to fixed wage and beef uping the legitimacy of governments by procedural equity, relational contracts, and organisational citizenship behavior. â⬠The findings of this article support that employees should be paid reasonably and besides appraisals should be conducted for this practise to take topographic point. This will therefore stop populace examination. Excessive direction and the bureau theory both become a ground for these dirts. In some scenarios the board of The Humphrey Group may perchance hold integrated policies that cover a scope of issues including corporate societal duty, but no-one barely sticks to it to look into the staff consciousness, or analyze their impact. The ground for this may be that the board of The Humphrey Group ââ¬Ës current aim and values do n't reflect the values of staff. Human Resource section is placed to guarantee that they let all staff know of these issues. Human Resource section acts an of import function to guarantee that The Humphrey Group aims are assessed and values re-aligned to fit them with staff outlooks. Some of the ways that this can be done is to reexamine The Humphrey Group policy and processs to guarantee values are consistent and besides another manner that this can be done is to confer with and affect staff more in the running of the concern. ââ¬Å" Turban, Daniel B and Greening, Daniel W province in their article corporate societal public presentation and administration attraction to prospective employees provinces that Pulling on propositions from societal individuality theory and signalling theory, we hypothesized that houses ââ¬Ë corporate societal public presentation ( CSP ) is related positively to their reputes and to their attraction as employers. Result indicate that independent evaluations of CSP are related to houses ââ¬Ë reputes and attraction as employers, proposing that a house ââ¬Ës CSP may supply a competitory advantage in pulling appliers. Such consequences add to the turning literature proposing that CSP may supply houses with competitory advantages. â⬠The hypothesis survey of the corporate societal public presentation ( CSP ) demonstrates that occupation seeking population has increased as it yields in enticing human resources depending on the grade of occupation picks possessed by an person. The CSP is associated to employer magnetic attraction for persons seeking occupation with elevated degrees of employment picks but non allied for the public with low degrees meaning plus point to certain companies with surging degrees of CSP to pull the most qualified employees. As stated in Richard W. Beatty, Jeffrey R. Ewing and Charles G.Tharp article of HR function in corporate administration: present and position. This article states that ââ¬Å" We have explored this issue from the position of the HR map through a study of the senior HR professionals who attended the Human Resources Forum. The study was augmented with focal point groups. Our intent was to understand current patterns, attitudes, and behaviors with regard to legal criterions and professional and ethical codifications. We besides explored the functions of the CEO, HR leading, and the HR map in minimising ethical breaches that have diminished investor and public trust. We hope to cast visible radiation on the duties, actions, and hazards of the HR map and its leading now and in the hereafter. â⬠In decision this study concludes that has thrown visible radiation on how the HR section maps and grips Humphrey Group. It holds up the company by it being its anchor which in return has a heavy impact on the correct and procedural operation of Humphrey group. In add-on, the HR plays a critical function in keeping healthy staff client relationship along with instilling a well defined bond of public trust. The HR Department besides holds a steadfast aim of integrating societal duties and realining direction ends and compensation moralss of the company.
Friday, January 3, 2020
Trust Based Misbehavior Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks
III. Problem Statement This paper focuses on modeling and calculating trust between nodes in WSNs, based on sensed continuous data to address security issues and deal with malicious and misbehavior nodes and for assisting the decision-making process. A new trust model and a reputation system for WSNs can be proposed. The trust model establishes the continuous version of the reputation system applied to binary events and presents a new trust and reputation system for sensor Networks. This approach for mixing of second hand information from neighboring nodes with directly observed information to calculate trust between nodes in WSNs. Trust metrics can be used to evaluate the trust value of each node in the clusters. Behaviors are monitored by monitoring node (MN). Monitoring node selected at the next higher level of CH, this can also be changed dynamically along with CH. The main focus of this paper is to develop a fuzzy theory based trust and reputation model for WSNs environment. IV. System Model A. Architecture The architecture of our proposed system, consists of four major blocks namely, i. Cluster Formation and CH selection ii. Information Gathering iii. Trust Evaluation and Propagation iv. Misbehavior Detection The detailed description about the architecture is as follows. Fig. 2. Overall Architecture of the Proposed System Fig.2. shows the overall architecture of the proposed work. In wireless sensor networks, the sensor nodes are densely deployed in theShow MoreRelatedDetecting and Responding to Malicious Misbehavior in MANETs Essay1971 Words à |à 8 Pages INTRODUCTION Owing to the developed technology and cheap prices, wireless networks have increased more preferences over wired networks in the previous few decades.Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is agroup of mobile nodes armed with both a wirelesstransmitter and a receiver that connect with each othervia bidirectional wireless links either directly or indirectly.One of themajor benefits of wireless networks is it allows data to be communicated between different parties and still maintaintheir movementRead MoreEnergy Aware Fault Of Wireless Sensor Networks3453 Words à |à 14 Pages Energy Aware Fault Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks Nisha Narayanan CECS Department California State University, Long Beach Long Beach, CA, United States nishas6@gmail.com Disha Gupta CECS Department California State University, Long Beach Long Beach, CA, United States gdisha777@gmail.com Abstract Technological developments have to such an outbreak in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), they are used in a wide variety of todayââ¬â¢s industrial and consumer applications and holds limitlessRead MoreChapter 1.Introduction.10194 Words à |à 41 Pageschapter provides some background information relating to the core of the thesis. 1.1. WIRELESS NETWORKING INTRODUCTION Wireless networking is an emerging technology that allows users to access information and services electronically, regardless of their geographic position. The use of wireless communication between mobile users has become increasingly popular due to recent performance advancements in computer and wireless technologies. This has led to lower prices and higher data rates, which are theRead MoreTrust And Encryption Based Smart Path Routing Protocol For Manets7092 Words à |à 29 Pages Trust and Encryption based Smart Path Routing protocol for MANETs Authors Name/s per 1st Affiliation (Author) Dept. name of organization (Line 1 of Affiliation - optional) Name of organization - acronyms acceptable (line 2) City, Country (line 3) name@xyz.com ââ¬â optional (line 4) Authors Name/s per 2nd Affiliation (Author) Dept. name of organization (Line 1 of Affiliation - optional) Name of organization - acronyms acceptable (line 2) City, Country (line 3) name@xyz.com ââ¬â optional (line 4) Read MoreInformation Technology And Its Impact On The Security9831 Words à |à 40 Pagestechnological and network environments. MANET is one such variant for technological revolution which is in a strong pace to gain popularity as they provide wireless connectivity irrespective of their geographic position. Apart from this there are numerous other privileges provided by this adhoc networking that has acted as a boon in the field of networking. Security is a crucial parameter that needs to be enforced in mobile adhoc networking so as to ensure proper functioning of the network. Security inRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 PagesIndividual 290 â⬠¢ Groupthink and Groupshift 292 â⬠¢ Group Decision-Making Techniques 295 Summary and Implications for Managers 296 S A L Self-Assessment Library Do I Have a Negative Attitude Toward Working in Groups? 272 Self-Assessment Library Do I Trust Others? 280 glOBalization! Forming International Teams in a Virtual World 291 Myth or Science? ââ¬Å"Asians Have Less Ingroup Bias Than Americansâ⬠292 An Ethical Choice Should You Use Group Peer Pressure? 294 Point/Counterpoint Affinity Groups Fuel Business
Thursday, December 26, 2019
E Commerce And The Online Transaction Of Business Essay
Abstract This paper will explore electronic commerce, also known as e-commerce. Basic introduction of e-commerce will include breaking down the types of e-commerce, both in private and public sector, and provide examples. Two methods, strategies and SWOT analysis, to successful e-commerce will be explored as well as results, which will encompass vulnerabilities. Finally, a conclusion will entail a wrap-up discussion. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) encompasses more than just shopping sites, like Amazon; itââ¬â¢s the industry of buying and selling products or services using electronic means. More simply put, e-commerce is ââ¬Å"the online transaction of business, featuring linked computer systems of the vendor, host, and buyer. Electronic transactions involve the transfer of ownership or rights to use a good or service. Most people are familiar with business-to-consumer electronic business (B2C). Common illustrations include Amazon.com, llbean.com, CompUSA.com, travelocity.com, and hotels.com.â⬠(Export.gov) E-commerce can be broken into four basic categories. An example of Business to Business (B2B) is manufacturers selling to distributors, such as an automobile manufacturer. Business to Consumer (B2C) is probably the most known of the categories. Amazon is a superb example of B2C. Founded in 1994, Amazon is ranked #458 on the Fortune 500 list (Fortune.com) Consumer to Business (C2B) is where the consumer post service/requirement needed, and theShow MoreRelatedE Commerce Vs. Electronic Commerce1527 Words à |à 7 Pagesto define the definition of E-commerce. For example, according to the Oxford Dictionary, E-commerce or electronic commerce is the commercial transaction that conducted electronically on the Internet. Some people define E-commerce as the processes of buying, selling, or exchanging products, services, and information by using the computer network technology such as the Internet. E-commerce does not only provide the function of buying and selling goods and services onl ine via digital mediums such asRead Morecustomer behaviour1489 Words à |à 6 PagesAAP E-COM P 1st Introduction to E-Commerce What is Electronic Commerce? Commerce - The exchange of commodities, buying and selling, of products and services requiring transportation, from location to location is known as commerce. E-Commerce - From a communications perspective, e-commerce is the delivery of information, products/services or payments via telephone lines, Fax, computer networks or any other means. What is Electronic Commerce? From an online perspective, e-commerce providesRead MoreThe Evolution Of Commerce.1097 Words à |à 5 PagesIntroduction The evolution of commerce Like human beings, business is also evolved over the time and is a never ending process. With all the advancements in the current day technologies, commerce is growing day by day. Commerce is all started with House hold economy, where people started hunting, agriculture and domestication of animals like cow, sheep etc. to feed their own families. Over the time, the number of family members increased and their needs. Own economy became insufficient for them toRead MoreE-Commerce: Its Development and Future Perspectives754 Words à |à 3 PagesE-COMMERCE: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES E-COMMERCE Manzoor and Amir defined E-commerce as the buying and selling of goods and services via electronic means such as the internet. The e-commerce is generally efficient due to its availability throughout where the buyers meet the sellers online. Some services rendered to customers via e-commerce service include: automated data collection systems, mobile commerce, supply chain managementRead MoreThe Importance of E-Commerce in Our Lives1061 Words à |à 4 PagesWith rapid change of technology in social web, e-commerce is become one of important think in our life. E-commerce is the use of internet and the social web to do business, when focus on digitally enabled commercial transactions between among of firm and individuals involving information systems under the control of the firm it takes the form of e-business. Nowadays, e-commerce is gaining momentum and most of the things if not everything is getting digitally enabled. Therefore, it becomes very importantRead MoreResearch Journals o n One Way Anova Test785 Words à |à 4 PagesE-Commerce Electronic commerce, commonly known asà e-commerce consists of the buying and selling ofà productsà orà servicesà over electronic systems such as the Internet and otherà computer networks. Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect ofà e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financingRead MoreE-commerce: Its Development and Future Prospective Essay659 Words à |à 3 PagesIntroduction Technological advancements have taken the world by storm. The daily chronicles have a different story to tell with every dawn of a new day about a technological invention and/or innovation. Doing business has become competitive more than ever. This phenomenon has created a business environment that follows the clichà ©, the survival of the fittest. It is in this spirit that businesses have adopted technology to survive and remain relevant in the dynamic consumer environment. This is especiallyRead MoreThe Effects Of E Commerce On Global Trade1524 Words à |à 7 PagesThe effects of E-commerce in Global Trade Introduction E-commerce is a term describing a new and innovative more efficient way of doing business completely by use of the internet, to conduct trade dealings both on a national and global scale. E-commerce offers a different mode of performing trade throughout the world without the need for tangible contact between the buyer and seller. The new transaction mode of purchasing and supplying goods has become explosive in terms of efficiency, competitivenessRead MoreThe Social Impact of E-Commerce1176 Words à |à 5 PagesUse of e-commerce has increased massively since it was first introduced to the general public. Nowadays customers like to do their shopping at their own comfort peacefully at home. E-commerce allows the customer to do this as products are displayed and described to the user before the purchase has been made. However this boost in e-commerce has affected the society both positively and negatively. Changing Customer Perspectives When it comes to making purchases online customers straight away thinkRead MoreE-Commerce: Pros and Cons of Taking the Clothing Store Online1535 Words à |à 6 Pagesconduct business. Today, most businesses have come to the realization that to remain relevant in a highly competitive marketplace; they must fully exploit the opportunities presented by both technology and the Internet. In this text, I discuss a number of issues arising out of my resolve to engage in e-Commerce as the owner of a small clothing store along the Jersey Shore boardwalk. Pros and Cons of Taking the Clothing Store Online According to Schniederjans Cao (2002), e-Commerce is the exchange
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
The Morality Of Using Opioid Assisted Treatments For Cases...
POLICY MEMO #1 TO: Professor Sergio P. Dà az FROM: Zachary Clark (.2753) DATE: February 21, 2017 RE: The Morality of Using Opioid Assisted Treatments for Cases of Addiction ____________________________________________________________________________ Primum non nocere or ââ¬Ëabove all, do no harmââ¬â¢ is a latin phrase that is the basis for the majority of medical ethics (expand on that). The question of whether or not heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) or methadone-assisted treatment (MAT) for drug addiction is morally or ethically sound boils down to two key component, what exactly constitutes harm, and what moral view of addiction does one have. In the matter of what exactly constitutes harm, a particular treatment that cares for anâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The initial reports from 2008 indicated: a 27% improvement in health scores, a 70% reduction in illicit heroin use, and close to a 50% reduction in other illegal activity (cite). I believe that addiction is a chronic disease of the mind and like most chronic diseases, it requires constant management care, prevention. Acknowledging that addiction is a disease will not only help contribute to increased care, management, and prevention but it will also help decrease some of the stigmas that surround opioid addiction as well, which in turn would increase access to more affordable means of addiction treatment. A deontologist would argue that constant care for those suffering from chronic diseases is constant care and treatment because it is the morally right thing to do. For example, one would argue that the morally right thing to do for someone diagnosed with cancer is to provide scrupulous care and treatment to the patient from their chemotherapy dosage and schedule all the way down to their diet. It is because of how I view addiction that I believe that Heroin and Methadone Assisted Treatments should be widely used to help ease the pain of those suffering f rom addiction, Thus I align myself with the deontological point of view. On the other end of theShow MoreRelatedThe Methadone Train And Medication Assisted Treatment1550 Words à |à 7 Pagessubstance abuse treatment revealed that methadone was fourth for risk of abuse out of 11 opiate based prescription drugs. Worse, after adjustment for prescriptions, methadone advanced to the number one position for abused compounds. Even more startling was a simple random population sample, surveyed by telephone, which reported methadone as the second most used drug. However, Butler et al. cite a major limitation in that the data examined came from subjects who had entered treatment for substance
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
The Snow Storm Essay Example For Students
The Snow Storm Essay The winter of 2014 was quiet an experience for me, especially when January the 29th hit. Mostly, because me and one of my friends was one of the thousands of people stranded on the interstate miles from home and no way to get to my fathers place of work. First off, I was at home January the 28th and we had just got the news that it was probably going to snow the next day. So I and my family carried on as normal because we did not figure things would get that bad. But unfortunately my diabetic father had to work nights that night, so he went on to work as normal. His work carries him all the way to Alabaster in Shelby County. Later, the next morning I woke up and turned on the news an seen the whole state of Alabama pretty much paralyzed by this winter storm. I had also noticed I had some missed calls and a text message from my father telling me he did not have his insulin and another to stay off the roads. So I called him and asked him if he could make it home or to the hospital nearby. Which he could not because the plants roads were frozen due to the abundance of water that runs through it. So to avoid an argument I took it upon myself to take him his insulin along with some food and other supplies for the people there. One of my good friends and I loaded my truck down with supplies a cooler of drinks, some propane heaters, blankets pillows, and some MREââ¬â¢s. After we finished that we hit the road. We started off heading down 145 and taking some back roads till we got to the Shelby airport exit. We had to get off there because the roads had started to get to rough so we tried our luck with the interstate which run out really quick. After we got off the exit we made it about 300 yards and were stuck. Me and my buddy was stranded with the other thousands of people, but at least we did not have far to go. Granted that, we got stuck we decided to just go ahead and walk the rest of the way. So we grabbed our gear and started walking. This was the worst part of the whole trip. Not because of the walk, but because we were so abundantly supplied. The other people were not prepared so they were harassing us for what we had, and we had to keep telling them no and to leave us alone. Then a couple come up to us carrying there two year old granddaughter with them. So we allowed them to come along with us because at this point we did not have but about two miles left to go. So for the next hour and a half we walked until we reached my fathers work. We were so happy when we got there. They were to because of the stuff we had brought. Me and my friend had single handedly brought the much needed supplies to my fathers work but most importantly his insulin with the last minute help from the three strangers. At last, we were finally done, we had walked a little over eight miles to get to my fathers work and we were exhausted. We all spent the next forty-eight hours completely content and problem free except for the urgency to get back to our vehicles and homes. For my friend and me we felt proud because we had completed a journey which was a life experience that neither of us will ever forget.
Monday, December 2, 2019
The Han Dynasty Methods
Introduction While analyzing the methods the Han Dynasty used, in order to protect China from nomadic tribes, some basic points on the Han period must be considered.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Han Dynasty Methods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First of all, it is necessary to point out that the Han period is recognized to be one of the most important eras in Han Chinese history. Nomadic Mongol and Turkic tribes were considered to be the biggest threat to the Han Empire; for this reason, the Han times are associated with chaos and social fragmentation. Thus, it should be noted that nomadic tribesmen established numerous petty kingdoms on the territory of the northern China. They started large-scale ethnic migration, and soon joined the indigenous population. This fact seems to be of particular concern, as representatives of a wide range of nomadic groups lost their ethnic independence when became a part of the Chinese. Close interactions between the indigenous population and nomadic tribes were based on constant conflicts. Due to the interactions the Huns, the Xianbei, the Tibetans, etc. lost their cultural identity. Most of nomadic groups disappeared from the history of China because of their disintegration. The emperor Wu-ti vs. the Xiongnu Generally, it should be pointed out that in times of the Western Han period, Chinaââ¬â¢s strongest enemy was a nomadic tribe the Xiongnu.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unfortunately, the Great Wall constructed by the Chinese, in order to protect their land from a Turkish-speaking nomadic tribeââ¬â¢s invasions was not strong enough to help people in the border. That is why the basic strategies the emperor Wu-ti decided to rely on involved defense and trade. Despite the fact that nomadic groups started to settle the territory of the northern China without a strong military support, the Chinese had no opportunity to protect themselves. The emperor Wu-ti tried to unite his military forces with the Yuezhi ââ¬â people who were turned out of their own territory by the Xiongnu ââ¬â the most aggressive representatives of nomadic population. However, his attempts to enter into an alliance with the Yuezhi failed. Thus, one is to keep in mind that the Yuezhi decided to abandon their nomadic life and become civilized nation. People who were driven out by the Xiongnu had no desire to revenge on their offenders. It was a military commander Zhang Qian whom the emperor sent on the mission. Despite the fact that Qianââ¬â¢s attempts to enter into an alliance failed, the commander depicted in detail the use of the so-called Celestial horses much larger than the ponies the Xiongnu possessed. For this reason, the Chinese supposed that they could stop the raiders using horses capable of carrying armor-clad fighters (ââ¬Å"Civili zationâ⬠par. 1). In times of the Han Dynasty, the inhabitants of China possessed small horses inappropriate for carrying soldiers into battle.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Han Dynasty Methods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As far as the Han Emperor Wu-ti heard about a new kind of large and strong horses named Celestial Horses from his military commander, he decided to forward his warriors to the king of Fergana. However, it should be noted that the king did not agree to take gold coins and help the emperor. Later, Wu-tiââ¬â¢s warriors came to Fergana again and occupied the capital. The Han Emperor obtained more than 3,000 Celestial horses. Thus, ââ¬Å"The importation of these horses became a high priority to strengthen the Han military, and their successful implementation against the Xiongnu played an important role in the transfer of the western regions of China from Xiongnu to Han controlâ⠬ (ââ¬Å"The Han Empireâ⬠par. 3). A scientific overview: commercial policy Generally, in times of the Western Han period, Chinese policies in relation to nomadic tribes were rather peaceful. Thus, the authorities concluded numerous agreements with invaders and provided them with agricultural products. At that period, one of the most effective methods the Chinese used to protect themselves was commercial policy. Farming as one of the strategic methods Numerous investigations showed that farming was also one of the strategic methods the Chinese used to protect themselves. Plant, dogs and pigs domestication played an important role in restraining nomadic tribes; although, the intensification of agriculture seemed to improve the strained circumstances the Chinese lived within.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, there is an opinion that peopleââ¬â¢s social stratification in China started with domestication. Chinese policies fluctuated between peaceful and belligerent approaches to nomadic groups. Adopting a sedentary lifestyle can be also regarded as one of the ways the government had to follow to resolve the problem of rule within ethnic nomadic tribes which were a part of heterogeneous population in the northern China. Sinicization or Chinese customs development allowed to control invaders. The importance of the ecological context There are not only certain distinctions in political, economic and social organization of both societies ââ¬â the Chinese and nomadic groups, which give us an opportunity to understand the peculiarities of their interactions. The so-called ecological context cannot be ignored, as ecological conditions determined economic relations between the indigenous population and nomadic tribes. Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, and Xinjiang were the major are as, which formed the northern frontier in China. Another widespread method, the Chinese used to protect themselves was a flight. When the northern territory of China was overrun by nomadic tribes, people often escaped to the south, as ââ¬Å"southern China was a region of lakes and rivers, with a warm humid climate that supported wet rice agriculture and was inhospitable to mounted cavalryâ⬠(Trey Eng 20). North China was recognized to be an important area in times of the Han period. Thus, keeping in mind that the ecological zones of Manchuria were physically isolated, one can conclude that this part of China was vulnerable for nomadic tribesââ¬â¢ attacks. For instance, the western steppe of Liaoxi, which also belonged to Manchuria, was placed not far from agricultural regions the Chinese possessed; so, this area was of particular concern for nomadic tribes. The biggest ecological zone between Korea and Siberia was mostly appropriate for hunters; so, a wide range of nomadic groups was also interested in the part of Manchuria. It should be noted that the primary reason of nomadic tribesââ¬â¢ attacks was Manchuriaââ¬â¢s mixed environment. Nomadic tribes carried out a raid on the parts of the northern China and established mixed agricultural economies. Nomads were also interested in Inner Mongolia. As far as the area of north China provided nomads with access to Chinese commodities, it becomes evident that the zone was one of constant tension. The viewpoints on the interactions between the Chinese and nomadic tribes seem to be rather ambiguous. On the one hand, the importance of agriculture cannot be ignored, as the practice of farming can be regarded as one of the primary reasons of Chinese social stratification. Nomadic tribal organization seems to be inconsistent with the activity of growing crops and centralized bureaucratic government. For this reason, constant political and military problems China experienced can be probably explained by nomad sââ¬â¢ different social organization. The strategies of voluntary donations and marriage treaties Generally, Jacqueline Trey Eng is of the opinion that the strategies the Chinese used to deal with nomads depended upon new rulersââ¬â¢ ideological thoughts. There were not only ecological, but also political and economic conceptions, which determined the relations between the Chinese and nomadic tribes. Ethnic majorities regarded new polities as well as political conceptions as barbarian; so, representatives of various nomadic groups had an opportunity to intrude on the areas of the northern China. Taking into account the fact that each government was deeply interested in fortifications along the borders of the northern areas, the reasons of conflicts seem to be obvious. When dynasties had no opportunity to deal with nomads, the only way to avoid conflict was to pay expensive tributes. This strategy is explained by some historians as an act of a voluntary donation. To maintain pe ace, the rulers also relied on the strategy of the so-called marriage treaties. In other words, one can conclude that various forms of interactions between Chinaââ¬â¢s rulers and powerful nomadic tribes were formed on the basis of ecological, economical and sociopolitical conditions. Culturally-based perception of the world and the five-zone theory Culturally-based perception of the world is considered to be one more important point, which should be analyzed in detail. Generally, China realized that there were other civilized countries all over the world; however, in times of the Han period, the Chinese stayed sinocentric in the politico-cultural sense. Such attitude determined how the dynasty managed their interactions. Some of the historians say that the so-called five-zone theory can be used to explain internal and external interactions the dynasty managed. Thus, the key area was mostly associated with the royal domain. It was the first or the central area. According to the th eory, nomadic tribes were placed on the controlled area or the fourth and fifth zones. The analysis of the inner and outer areas gives us an opportunity to trace back the basic conceptions of the Chinese world order. Furthermore, the above-mentioned dichotomy or ââ¬Å"the scheme not only identified foreigners based on geographic distance, but also differentiated those foreigners who were either allies, or at least assimilated, from those who were hostileâ⬠(Trey Eng 35). Conclusion The strategies the Chinese used to deal with nomads were of wide range. For instance, when the Chinese were unable to deal with barbarian tribes, they relied on peaceful techniques. Nomads were given agricultural and farming products. Sometimes peaceful strategies were replaced by belligerent practices. While analyzing the strained circumstances the Chinese lived within, one can also notice that the strategy of escape was rather widespread among those who were exposed to attack. Keeping in mind the policies and motivations of the rulers, it becomes evident that each government negotiated their relations with nomadic tribes in their own way. There were ecological, economical, sociopolitical and cultural conditions, which determined the strategies of interaction between the Chinese and the aggressors. The social organization of nomadic tribes as well as nomadsââ¬â¢ proximity to agriculturists also shaped the relations between civilized and barbarian populations. Works Cited ââ¬Å"Civilization.â⬠Sjsu.edu. 2000. Web. ââ¬Å"The Han Empire.â⬠Washington.edu. n.d. Web. http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/exhibit/han/han.html. Trey Eng, Jacqueline. ââ¬Å"Nomadic Pastoralists and the Chinese Empire: A Bioarchaeological Study of Chinaââ¬â¢s Northern Frontier.â⬠University of California. 2007. Web. http://homepages.wmich.edu/~jzy8882/docs/JackieEngDiss_sub_final.pdf. This essay on The Han Dynasty Methods was written and submitted by user Johnny Harris to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)